This project directed by Prof. Ran Lixin, as the key project of NSFC, focus on the research of micro-nano metamaterials embedded with active and lumped elements. Such metamaterials are expected to work at RF and microwave frequencies and behave new characteristics that normal, naturally-occurring media do not have, such as loss compensation, strong nonlinearity, non-reciprocity, tunable refractive index, which can be used in sub-diffraction-limit imaging, gyro-electricity and new-scheme steering antenna applications.